Barmasse Monuments
The monuments database currently contains 67002 archaeological monuments.
About maps
Maps are very usefull to visualize data with an implicit or explicit association with a location relative to earth. These data are called geospatial data, georeferenced data or geodata, are mostly stored in geographic information systems (GIS), and are made available in different types, like vector files, raster files, geographic databases, web files or multi-temporal data. Almost all data processed today has somehow a connection with a geographic position on earth, and for archaeological data we can even say, that all data has a connection with a geographic location on earth. Maps have become essential for tech and advertising companies, but also for the scientific section. Without spatial analysis on maps, the tracing of the spread of pandemic diseases, for example, would be almost impossible. But, with all that big data available, one must be cautious not to misinterpret that data due to bias, distortion and outright errors in the conclusions reached.
In the Humanities, maps are becoming more and more popular to work with scientifically, and to show the results to a broader public. A lot of effort has been put up in recent years by historians, philologists or archaologists to create a broad fundament of geospatiable and linkabale data to work with in the future. And Wikidata seems to become the central hub connecting all the university sponsored and individual projects.
About data
This project simply aggregates and reviews open data in order to provide an overview map and the possibility to search for an monument type, its epoch, and the country it stands in. And of course, there is a free search and a simple API, where the data form the following resources is queried and displayed:
About dating
Exact chronological dating of a monuments construction and demolition is often difficult or not possible. If exact dating is available, it is used. If exact dating is not possible, the nearest epoch with its time limits is used. Keep in mind, that all definitions of ancient epochs are modern scientific definitions and do not reflect the definition of people at that time. As most of the monuments deteriorated during the Middle Ages the year 1000 has been defined for monuments whose destruction or reuse is unknown. And as most of the ancient settelments still exist today, their end date has been set to 2100 The following epoch definitions have been used:
- Mesolithic Age: 20000 BC – 10000 BC
- Neolithic Age: 10000 BC – 4500 BC
- Copper Age: 5500 BC – 3000 BC
- Bronze Age: 3300 BC – 1200 BC
- Egyptian Empire (Old Kingdom): 2700 BC – 2200 BC
- Egyptian Empire (Middle Kingdom): 2137 BC – 1781 BC
- Egyptian Empire (New Kingdom): 1550 BC – 1070 BC
- Hittite: 1800 BC – 1100 BC
- Syro-Hittite: 1100 BC – 700 BC
- Iron Age: 1200 BC – 500 BC
- Achaemenid Dynasty: 705 BC – 330 BC
- Hellenistic Period: 323 BC – 30 BC
- Hasmonean Dynasty: 167 BC – 63 BC
- Herodian Dynasty: 47 BC – 100 AD
- Roman (Republic): 509 BC – 27 BC
- Roman (Empire): 27 BC – 395 BC
- Late Antiquity: 300 AD – 500 AD
- Middle Ages (early): 500 AD – 1000 AD
- Middle Ages (high): 1000 AD – 1300 AD
- Middle Ages (late): 1300 AD – 1500 AD
- Ottoman Dynasty: 1299 AD – 1922 AD
About other data sources
The following other sources have been used in this or other projects to gather data
Aquaeducts
Earthquakes
- Y. Altinok, Revision of the tsunami catalogue affecting Turkish coasts and surrounding regions (2011)
- S. Soloviev ‒ O. Solovieva, Tsunamis in the Mediterranean Sea 2000 B.C. ‒ 2000 A.D. (2009)
- M. Sbeinati ‒ R. Darawcheh ‒ M. Mouty, The historical earthquakes of Syria: an analysis of large and moderate earthquakes from 1365 B.C. to 1900 A.D (2005)
- B. C. Papazachos ‒ C. Papazachou, The earthquakes of Greece (1997)
- E. Guidoboni ‒ A. Comastri ‒ G. Traina, Catalogue of ancient earthquakes in the Mediterranean area up to the 10th century (1994)
Harbors
- Ancient Coastal Settlements, Ports and Harbours
- A. de Graauw, Ancient Coastal settlements, Ports and Harbours (2022)
- A. de Graauw, Ancient Ports and Harbours (2017)
Mines and Quaries
Settlements
Shipwrecks
- The Oxford Roman Economy Project
- M. McCormick, Movements and markets in the first millennium: information, containers and shipwrecks (2012)
- A. J. Parker, Ancient Shipwrecks of the Mediterranean and the Roman Provinces (1992)
Varia